Studying Abroad Persuasive Speech Outline Essay

Introduction Attention Getter: If you want to learn about someone walk a mile in their shoes. What greater way is there to understand another culture’s point of view than studying abroad? Studying abroad is a life changing opportunity that benefits not only you but our nation and the world. Central Idea: I am going to tell you how you can during college by studying abroad. Establish Credibility: for the past couple of weeks I have been researching this topic, and because of what I have learned from this research I have decided to study abroad at some point during my college years. Preview Statement: First I will define what studying abroad is. Secondly I will discuss the benefits that studying abroad gives you. Thirdly I will talk about how affordable studying abroad is and the scholarships that are possible. Lastly I will give you a visualization. Body A. What study abroad is, well the education board for abroad defines studying abroad simply as a program in which students attend school in a country outside the United States and receive academic credit toward their major. Which here at USI, there are over 50 different countries that you could choose to study abroad in, according to the USI international website. B. Think of what studying abroad can do for your career. Studying abroad is so much fun you will forget that you are gaining academic credit while visiting another country. Not to mention the knowledge and experience that can help you succeed in future career options. The studying abroad experience is a great addition to any resume and can help you snag the job of your choice. By studying aboard it gives you that extra edge that employers might be looking for according to CNN.com. Employer’s desks are covered with stacks of applications but your experience from studying abroad will set you apart from other well quali fied applicants. C. A common myth most people think is that studying abroad is expensive, but it actually is affordable. Most students don’t believe that they can get scholarships for study abroad. In 2007, the House of Representatives passed a bill that would add more than $80 million every year to study abroad scholarships according to Hose of Representative members Salisbury, Umbach, and Pauslen. Most students look  for financial scholarships, when they should be looking for ability based scholarships. Lots of money goes untouched and there are a lot of scholarships for everyone going abroad, even professionals, according to Kruempelmann . Here are some tips that you can follow on slide 6 here. D. Try to picture a world where people are not allowed to leave the country that they are born in. Imagine the consequences we would face if we ignored the world around us. Lack of knowledge and understanding of other cultures could lead to disaster. Every culture benefits from the values, beliefs, traditions, and experiences of other cultures. The world is a better place when there is understanding among different cultures. Therefore, if you study abroad you can be an essential part of keeping the world together. Conclusion A. The rising benefits of studying abroad are undeniable and affordable! Going to a different country can be scary, but it can also be fun! You learn a different culture, language, and view on the world. There will be so many stories that you will never forget about from your time abroad. You will not regret it. B. I leave you with this quote from Henry Miller â€Å"One’s destination is never a place, but a new way of seeing things.

Positive Risk Taking Essay

Explain ways in which risk is an integral part of everyday life, Risk for most people is an accepted part of everyday life e.g. catching a bus or walking to the shop etc†¦ will carry some element of risk. Risk is associated with our health, safety, security, well being, employment, education, daily activities, using resources and equipment and community participation. Some adults such as those who are disabled or who are older are usually discouraged from taking risks with their budgeting, planning, employment and their daily living skills usually because people fear for their limitations or that they might hurt themselves or others. Everyone has the right to take risks and make decisions about their own lives, a balance should be found between service users participation in everyday activities and the carers duty of care. Social care and health policies are encouraging residents to increase their independence by being involved in the wider society such as leisure and work. It should be noted that it is impossible to eliminate risk completely , however minimising and being prepared for risk by preventative action. Supporting people to live independently by taking part of their lives means accepting that there are risks that cant be avoided but can be prepared for. Explain why individuals may have been discouraged or prevented from taking risks, see more:explain ways in which risk is an integral part of everyday life For some services, approaches to risk have been a problem because they have been concerned with avoiding potentially harmful situations for the service user and staff. People need to take risk to achieve things on their own merit, but there are people who should support them but will discourage them from taking risks because of perceived perceptions of the persons limitations. Risk taking can have benefits for the individual as it will enable them to do things most people take for granted. Risk is beneficial, balancing levels or protection and preserving levels of choice and control. A balance will need to be achieved between the wishes of the individual and the law duty of care. Described the links between risk taking and responsibilities, empowerment and social inclusion, Personalised care is a right for everyone, however some people will need more support than others in helping to make choices of their own lives. Effective personalisation of care comes the need to manage risk for people to make decisions as safely as humanly possible. Making risks clear and understood is crucial to empowering residents and the carers, risk management does not eliminate risks. managing risk to maximise peoples choice and control of their own lives. If the outcomes are part of the support plan and all risks have been discussed and understood, this will lead to real choice and control and will offer a better quality of life for the individual. Positive risk taking will help the resident to gain self confidence, develop new skills knowledge and hopefully allow them take an active part within their community so that they don’t feel included. Explain the process of developing a positive person centered approach to risk assessment, The person centered approach will focus on the individuals rights to choose their own lifestyle, even if that includes making bad decisions. A person centered approach is about helping people and those involved, think in a positive way to achieve the changes they want whilst keeping risk at bay. Risk management is about finding the balance been positive risk taking based on autonomy and independence and a policy of protection for the person and the community based on reducing harm. Its been stated that for a positive person centered approach to a risk assessment should consist of the following, involvement of the service user and relatives in the risk assessment, positive and informed risk taking, proportionality, contextualising behavior, defensible decision making, a learning culture and tolerable risks. Explain how to apply the principles and method of a person centered approach to each of the different stages of the process of risk assessment, Working in a personalised way and developing a positive person centered approach means to know that risks cannot be avoided but however can be prepared for. Reasonable risk is about balancing empowering people who need help to make their own decisions, once they have all the information, that is tailored to their needs so that they make their best decisions. Involvement of service users and relatives in risk assessment, to involve the resident, nearest and dearest is one of the most important parts of the person centered approach. The people involved with the resident will help gather information in framing of what the risk actually is, in thinking, generating ideas and solutions, by evaluating the solutions, in decisions making around the risk, in implementing the actions and by the learning that takes place during these actions. Staff must make note of the residents and others wants, their views on their owns risk and what responsibilities each person has in managing their own risk effectively. The person Centered Approach will meet this by asking for a clear picture of what the person is wanting to achieve, why it is important, what the outcome would look like, a history of the risk, the decision making agreement tools to look at staff roles and responsibilities and who will be responsible for the different decisions relating to the r isk. Positive and informed risk raking, This particular process is formed around the positive view of the person. This process is based on finding creative solutions rather than just saying no. Informed and positive risk taking is about quality of life being lived to the full whilst people in the community are kept safe, by meeting what is important to them, how they would keep themselves and others safe. Remember that positive and informed risk taking needs to touch on what the law says and allows i.e. legislation within The Human Rights Act. Proportionality, The management of risk must match the potential harm that could be caused. Using a person centered approach means flexibility. The more serious the task the more time you would consider it in greater detail. Centered approach looks at the consequences of not doing the task that could have potential risks for the resident, family member etc†¦ and being able to balance against the consequences that could happen of taking the risk. Contextualising Behavior, asks why did the person behaved in a certain way? at this time? in this situation? Part of this process involves getting information regarding previous information about the person, including the history of the resident of the risk they are wanting to undertake from their own perspective, historical data from a variety of sources to look at what has worked in particular situations, and communication charts will help with a persons words and behaviors, seeking their meaning and what the best response should be. This will help to get a understanding of the persons behavior in different context, but also to build a picture of what has been learned about how to best support the resident. Defensible Decision making, Following the person centered approach generates a clear trail of written and recorded records of what has been discussed, the different perspectives, the problems and solutions that have been considered, alongside any legal issues, such as the Human rights act or that of the mental health act that could effect the risk decision. All paperwork generated during the process provides a clear rationale for the decisions that will emerge during the processes that have been taken, and why other options have been declined. The rationale for decision making is also more clearly expounded and recorded than in traditional risk assessment forms in common usage. A learning Culture, The positive and productive approach to risk has a deep emphasis within its on going learning, using learning and reflective tools such as questions such as whats working? whats not working etc†¦ by defining staff their core duties and their own judgement and creativity in relation to the risk. Tolerable Risks is a key aspect for the Person Centred Approach in using this process it enables participants to have a more balanced and rational approach to risk, finding ways to enable the person to achieve what is important to them while considering what keeps that person and the community safe in a way the individual understands. Explain how a service focused approach to risk assessment would differ from a person centred approach A risk assessment only identifies the probability of harm, assess the impact on the individual, and interventions that will help to diminish the risk or to reduce the harm. Assessments cannot prevent risk. Risk is a normal and enables learning and understanding. Risk assessments are full of charts and scoring systems. A service focused approach seeks to avoid all risks. Risk assessments have no flexibility and is not a responsive approach to meet peoples changing circumstances. A service centred approach to risk assessment would be guided by a standard procedure and can compromise individuals rights to make choices and take risks. A person centred approach to risk taking will find the balance between what is important to the person, their aspirations and the supports that they require. Identify the consequences for individuals of a service focused approach to risk-assessment. Risk taking will usually often have positive benefits for individuals, enabling them to do things that most will take for granted. The problem with a service focused approach to risk assessment, is that it reduces the individual’s independence which in turn could reduce the positive benefits for the individual in question. A service focused approach to risk taking usually tends to have a negative focus on what the individual is not able to do or what they cannot achieve and has a limited outlook on identifying the benefits of positive, person-centred risk assessment. It does not empower the individual or encourage independence. Explain how legislation, national and local policies and guidance provide a framework for decision making which can support an individual to have control over their own lives, There are many different legislations and policies in place to promote human rights, in relation to support the individuals right to make up his or her own mind and to take risk. The equality Act 2010, is a law that bans any unfair treatment and help to get equal opportunities in the workplace and society. This Act covers nine protected characteristics, which cannot be used as a reason to treat people unfairly they are, Age Disability gender reassignment marriage and civil partnership pregnancy and maternity race religion or belief sex sexual orientation The Human rights Act 1998, This Act states that are able to seek help from courts if their Human rights have been infringed. The Human Right Act guarantees the following rights; The Right to life The right to freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading punishment The right to freedom from slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour The right to liberty and security of person The right to a fair and public trial within a reasonable time The right to freedom from retrospective criminal law and no punishment without law The right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion The right to freedom of expression The right to freedom of assembly and association The right to marry and found a family The prohibition of discrimination in the enjoyment of convention rights The right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions and protection of property The right to access to an education The right to free elections The right not to be subjected to the death penalty Mental Capacity Act 2005, is to promote and safeguard decision making within a legal framework. It does this in two ways: By empowering people to make decisions for themselves wherever possible and by protecting people who lack capacity by providing a flexible framework that allows them to be part of the decision making process By allowing people to plan ahead for a time in the future when they might lack the capacity for any number of reasons Mental Health Act 2007 – amends the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It introduces significant changes which include: Introduction of Supervised Community Treatment. This replaced supervised discharge with a power to return the patient to hospital, where the person may be forcibly medicated, if the medication regime is not being complied with in the community. Redefining professional roles: broadening the range of mental health professionals who can be responsible for the treatment of patients without their consent. Nearest relative: making it possible for some patients to appoint a civil partner as nearest relative. Definition of mental disorder: introduce a new definition of mental disorder throughout the Act. Criteria for Involuntary commitment: introduce a requirement that someone cannot be detained for treatment unless appropriate treatment is available. Introduction of independent mental health advocates for qualifying patients. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 This act is intended to prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable people and to reform current vetting and barring practices. The act sets out a legal framework for the Independent Safeguarding Authority. Valuing People (Department of Health, 2001) This states the importance of Person Centred Planning can play in helping people with learning difficulties take charge of their own lives. The Guidance (Department of Health, 2002) stressed that Person Centred Planning is not a professional activity done to people; instead people themselves and their friends, families or other allies, must lead it. Putting People First, stated that person centred planning must become mainstream. Putting People First recognises that person-centred planning and self-directed support are central to delivering personalisation and maximising choice and control. It recognises that to achieve real change, users and carers must participate at every stage. These areas are: universal services – transport, leisure, health, education, housing and access to information and advice; choice and control – shaping services to meet people’s needs, rather than shaping people to fit in with the services on offer; social capital – care and support that individuals and their carers can get from their local community (friends, family, neighbours or community groups); and early intervention and prevention – support that is available for people who need help to stay independent for as long as possible, to keep their home or garden tidy, or to start taking regular exercise. Describe how a human rights based approach supports an individual to make decisions and take risks; A human rights based approach to risk management means to make sure individuals know their rights and that they are being supported to participate in making their own choices and decisions. A human rights based approach to risk assessment will balance the human rights of service users, carers, and other members of their communities. This is done so risks can be managed more positively and effectively. A human rights based approach looks at risk with ‘Human Rights’ in mind, it identifies the relevant equality and diversity issues, and maximises service user participation and empowerment. A human rights based approach to risk, means ensuring service users are as involved as they can possibly be in their own risk assessment process. support an individual to recognise potential risk in different areas of their life, and support the individual to balance choices with their own and others’ health, safety and Wellbeing; Positive risk taking is the process which will identify the potential benefit or harm. Positive Risk taking is to encourage and support people in positive risk taking so that they can achieve personal change or growth. Risks can be in many different areas of their life including, risks relating to their own health, their social life and also their finances and it is important to support the individual to recognise all of these potential risks. The risk assessment looks at four areas of risk; risks to self, risks to others and risks from other and risks to property. It is important that whilst improving on their quality of life they need to maintain their safety, responsibilities to themselves and others. Supporting an individual to recognise potential risks whilst balancing the choices with their own and others health, safety and well-being involves: Empowering people to access opportunities and take worthwhile chances. Understanding the person’s perspective of what they will gain from taking risks and understanding what they will lose if they are not allowed to take the risk. Ensuring the individual understanding the consequences of different actions to understand what the reasonably expected consequences may be of making that choice. Helping the individual to make decisions based on all the choices available and accurate information. Being positive about risk taking. Understanding a person’s strengths and finding creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out. Knowing what has worked or not in the past and where problems have arisen, understanding why supporting people who use services to learn from their experiences. ensuring support and advocacy is available sometimes supporting short term risks for long-term gains. ensuring that services provided promote independence not dependence assuming that people can make their own decisions (in line with the Mental Capacity Act) and supporting people to do so working in partnership with adults who use services, family carers and advocates and recognise their different perspectives and views developing an understanding of the responsibilities of each party promoting trusting working relationships. Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice when supporting an individual to take risks Encouraging risk taking can put people in a difficult position as trying to balance someones own personalisation through risk taking with your own values and beliefs and the duty to keep people safe. Peoples past experiences may make them feel that the risks involved, will result in problems, however they should not let this interfere with the individual’s wishes. At some point everyone will have had a bad experience following a course of action this does not necessarily mean this will happen to other people. Your beliefs and experiences should not cloud the issue. It is key that you feel confident and equipped to support people to assess and evaluate their own risks. Advice is readily available when facing difficult cases in the form of risk enablement panels. Record all discussions and decisions made relating to supporting the individual to take risks, It is very important to ensure that all discussions and decisions made relating to supporting the individual to take risks are recorded within their support plan. Records will need to be eligible and understandable to all the members that work with the individual. The aim of record keeping is to ensure that the right people have the right information at the right time to provide the best care for the person in question. Recording information will provide a record of what has been discussed and decided in regards of risk taking. The records should also record any incidents which have taken place. The reason for keeping the records are: To show that you have offered the individual choices To show that you have agreed the desired outcomes To show that the individual has given their consent. complete a risk assessment with an individual following agreed ways of working, Risk assessment is the activity of collecting information through observation, communication and investigation. It is an ongoing process that involves considerable persistence and skill to assemble and manage relevant information in ways that become meaningful for the users of services (and significant other people) as well as the practitioners involved in delivering services and support. An effective risk assessment will need the person in question, their families, carers, advocates and practitioners to speak with one another to decide on decision and course of action. communicate the content of the risk assessment to others It is important to communicate and work in a consistent way with all those whom are supporting the individual. Gathering information and sharing is important. It is not just an essential part of risk assessment and management, but also key in identifying risks. Its important to communicate the relevant information of the risk assessment to all relevant staff. It will also be important to discuss and explain the risk assessment with the individual’s carer and family, so that they are kept in the loop. The individual’s goals and targets should be discussed too, so that they can aid understanding regarding the risk assessment and to ensure all those involved are aware of the desired outcomes. support the individual to take the risk for which the assessment has been completed; One way of supporting the individual to take the risk, could involve having a trial run. An example could be where the individual wants to make an independent trip in to town using public transport. On the first trip you could accompany the individual on each step of the journey. On the second trip, you could accompany them to the town and then arrange to meet with them later in the day. On the third trip, you may just accompany them to the bus stop. Gradually you can reduce the amount of support you provide. It is also important that the individual knows what to do if things do go wrong. You can support them to take risks by ensuring they have clear information and advice about what to do if they have any concerns. Review and revise the risk assessment with the individual; After each risk assessment has been agreed it will be important that to monitor and review in case any revisions are necessary. Risks may change as circumstances change, so they should be reviewed regularly. Risk assessments should be reviewed periodically and whenever circumstances change to ensure they remain current. i.e. Resident Baths on the own accord, but due to a fall now need assistance getting in and out of the bath. evaluate with the individual how taking the identified risk has contributed to their well-being. Well-being describes the way we think and feel about ourselves and others, our confidence, and our ability to control things in our life. When evaluating you will need to speak, with the individual, how taking the identified risks has helped their well-being and their quality of life. This will involve looking at the positive /negative consequences and outcomes of their choices they have made. Looking at whether taking the risks have met the individual’s needs and achieved their desired outcome. Taking an identified risk will hopefully make the individual feel empowered and to have a greater feel of independence, control and normality. In supporting the individual to take positive risks, it should help them to evaluate other courses of action and can build confidence. The experience of failure, as a result of risk taking in a safe environment, can help to manage the identified risk better in the future. explain how the principle of duty of care can be maintained while supporting individuals to take risks, Everyone has a duty of care and a responsibility not to agree to a support plan if there are any serious concerns that it will not meet the individual’s needs or if it places an individual in a dangerous situation. Whilst an individual can choose to live with a level of risk and is allowed to do so through law, the local authority does not have to fund it. When you support individuals so that they can have more choice and control within their lives through positive risk taking, things may go wrong from time to time. A defensible decision is one where those involved in the risk assessing process: Used reliable assessment methods Acted responsibly in relation to their duty of care Were not negligent Assessed and took steps to manage and minimise foreseeable risks Recorded decisions and subsequently checked they were carried out Followed policies, procedures and guidance Involved the person and other relevant people in the process Supported people to make informed decisions Identification of positive and negative risks Involvement of people who use services and those who are important to them – this includes people who form the individual’s informal ‘circle of support’, who are involved from the beginning to gather information, define what the risks are from the individual’s point of view and to discuss ways to enable and manage these risks. Positive and informed risk-taking – this is built on a strengths-based approach to the person and looks at creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out. Proportionality – this means that the time and effort spent on managing a risk should match the severity of that risk. The approach should also explore the consequence of not taking the risk in question, such as loss of autonomy or restriction of choice. Contextualising behaviour – this means knowing about the person’s history and social environment, their previous experience of risk, what has and has not worked in previous situations. Defensible decision making – this means recording a clear rationale for all the decisions made and the discussions that led to the decisions, including reference to relevant legislation such as the Mental Capacity Act or the Human Rights Act. A learning culture – this require a commitment to ongoing learning and the use of reflective practice for people working at the frontline. Tolerable risks – this involves negotiating and balancing issues of risk and safety to identify what is acceptable for everyone concerned (the individual and others including the community) on a case by case basis. Describe what action to take if an individual decides to take an unplanned risk that places him/herself or others in immediate or imminent danger, When looking after someone if you believe that he or she is about to take an unplanned risk which could potentially place them or others in immediate or imminent danger it is very important to take appropriate corrective and preventative action and stop the activity immediately. Risk assessments should include contingency plans that address risks from unplanned events. Physical intervention may only be the course of action. Staff should be trained with a range of skills to deal with any potentially violent situations, as well as a range of restraint techniques that will help them use the minimum level of force possible. Physical intervention is only used in response to challenging behaviour.

How does Michael Henchard Suggest Lucetta Is Shallow where does she come from?

Lucetta enters the story when Elizabeth Jane meets her at her mother's grave. Elizabeth -Jane noticed that it was a lady much more beautifully dressed than she. This mysterious woman disappears in to the distance as Elizabeth goes to confront her. Soon Elizabeth Jane meets Lucetta for the second time, she sits on the bench inside the churchyard. Lucceta asks if Michael is well. She tries to help Elizabeth in her troubles. She soon leaves after she made a proposal about Elizabeth coming to stay with her. Elizabeth accepted the offer and soon she had moved in with Lucetta. The story continues from there. Lucetta's antics begin at chapter twenty one. She begins to show us how shallow she is when she hears her servant showing a visitor into the room. Lucceta decides to put on a little show for a visitor † she flung herself onto the couch in the cymarecta curve with her arm above her brow.† She puts herself into a curved position to make her self look irresistible to any visitor who may happen to step up to her quarters. It turns out that it is Donald Farfrae and of course lucceta knows how to play him like an instrument. At first she stupidly jumps up in fright and hides behind a curtain because she is so pathetic this is already a good example to show how shallow she is, to take time to beautifully arrange herself and when it comes to it she is startled by the thought of herself being seen when that is what she really wants. She hid behind the curtain † in a freak of timidity†. She seems to have a lot of fun taking farfrae to pieces. She explains to him that he must sit down now that he is here. They start chatting and we gather that Lucetta knows a lot about men in the way that she turned a level headed business man to the colour of â€Å"modest pink†. The impression that we get from the conversation with farfrae is that she loves to play with people and she doesn't worry about the consequences. At first she is just playing with Donald, then she finds that he has seemed to get the wrong idea out of the act and has fallen in love with her. Still she plays along in the game and entices him even more with lines such as: † you are quite interesting†. From the window Lucetta sees that a young family is being torn apart because the young man is finding it hard to find a job in Casterbridge. â€Å"The girl's lips quivered† she horrified in the thought. Donald goes to impress Luccetta by giving the men jobs. We can definitely see that he is trying to impress Lucetta because this is something that he would usually do. She explains after that† Lovers ought not to be parted like that. Donald quite agrees and then leaves because he has important work to carry out.

Strategy in the World Package Delivery Business Essay

Strategy in the World Package Delivery Business - Essay Example The essay "Strategy in the World Package Delivery Business" discusses the relationship between the planning and strategy in the world package delivery business. There is a direct relationship between planning and strategy since plans are made to identify goals (organizational or functional) and strategies are designed to achieve these identified goals. In this case scenario (Jones & George, 2007), FedEx planned to address competition from UPS by identifying an opportunity in the overnight delivery niche even by charging a premium price. As emphasized in Operations Strategy and Competitiveness, â€Å"the business strategy of FedEx, the world’s largest provider of expedited delivery services, is to compete on time and dependability of deliveries. The operations strategy of FedEx developed a plan for resources to support its business strategy. To provide the speed of delivery, FedEx acquired its own fleet of airplanes. To provide dependability of deliveries, FedEx invested in a sophisticated bar code technology to track all packages†. To compete with FedEx and DHL, UPS must review and evaluate the strategies of both organizations to gauge their strengths and weaknesses. Using this information as inputs, UPS must then identify opportunities and threats in the world package delivery business to enable them to tap the opportunities and address the threats or risks, as required. Using their core competencies in using their tracking and information system; as well as in logistics, specifically in meeting delivery schedules faster.

Does the modern day target driven fire and rescue service need better Essay

Does the modern day target driven fire and rescue service need better management or does leadership provide the solution - Essay Example Several theories are explained in detail and related to the FRS to gauge which theory bets applies for the improvement of the operational system. Among these theories are trait, behavioral, contingency, constellation, participative, management, relationship, path-goal theory, action-centered leadership and the leadership grid. These theories prove that some of them are not applicable while some are in the given situation the analysis and discussion point out that management by objective can only be successful when there is leadership and thus both have to be implemented simultaneously. Towards the end recommendations have been given as to how the leadership can be improved with the goal oriented management. the private sector today is undergoing immense change with downsizing and greater work responsibility in their management systems. This according to Grint (2005) is because the people expect more for less and the same expectation has paved its way into the public sectors also where the people expect organizations like the fire department to provide more from the limited resources. To fulfill this demand, the fire departments have been undergoing drastic changes. This as George (2003) explains has become essential in order to be efficient and competitive in the market place. To suffice the demand of the people, and be according to the way the people want the department to be, the government has realized that the management system has to be adjusted so that the changing needs of the people may be met. At the same time, adds Taylor (2009) with the recession, the costs are increasing, people are paying fewer taxes and thus the fire department has a lower budget to work with and therefor e it requires to be more efficient and to maximize the use of its resources. The fire department has always been managed with the rank-based management system. However, the government wants to change

The Periclean Ideal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Periclean Ideal - Essay Example Aside from this, they do not only follow the rules and abide by the constitution because they are required but they willingly do it because they want to. Athenians had thus achieved something quite unique - being both ruled and rulers at one and the same time. This had forged a unique type of citizen. Clever, tolerant, and open minded, Although restricted to adult males of local ancestry, Athenian nationality established complete and active involvement in every judgment of the state with no consideration to affluence or class. The Athenians disqualified women, children, resident aliens, and slaves from political life, but the code of equal opportunity in the political population that they invented was the starting point of the contemporary thought of collective egalitarianism that flourished during the French Enlightenment. The Funeral Oration was declared in a battle that was obviously going to persist for some time. Its principal function, even more significant than flattering the deceased, was to make clear why they had been correct to risk their lives and why the living should be willing to do likewise. The deceased armed forces' goal was to safeguard a Constitution and a way of life that was distinctive and commendable of sacrifice. Pericles presented his visualization for Athens and the kind of inhabitant its exceptional constitution and way of life would create. It enclosed an apparent, if repeatedly implied, difference with the Spartan way of life, which so many Greeks accepted but which Pericles regarded as substandard to the Athens he envisioned. One of the strengths of the ideals was emphasis on competition, excellence, or merit and the undying glory that rewarded it. These aristocratic values never lost their powerful attraction to all Greeks, and Pericles claimed them for the Athenian democracy. He rejected the notion that democracy turned its back on excellence, reducing all to equality at a low level. Instead, it opened the competition for excellence and honor to all, removing the accidental barriers imposed in other constitutions and societies. The rewards conferred by these aristocratic virtues are precisely those sought by the epic heroes: greatness, power, honor, fame. For Pericles, Athens itself was a competitor for these prizes in the agon among poleis, past and present. But they are won by and for all the citizens of democratic Athens, and Pericles does not hesitate to assert the superiority of this collective achievement, going so far as to reject the need for an epic poet to guarantee its renown. Another strength of Pericles' ideals is the Athenians value for thought, deliberation, and discussion. Pericles praises the democracy's fondness for debate and discussion. Freedom of speech, extended to each and every citizen, was its hallmark and this freedom was the target of ridicule, not only by aristocrats who thought only those bred in political tradition or formally educated should speak, but also by the admirers of Sparta where decisions were made by acclamation without debate. Here Pericles has identified a critical element of his vision for Athens: its commitment to reason and intelligence. Thought is not a barrier to the achievement of heroic goals. In fact, it is a prerequisite for them, for the brave deeds performed by enraged heroes who give no thought to danger are, by his definition, not brave at all.

Marriege & Family Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marriege & Family - Assignment Example Young girls and boys are taught how to view marriage as a lifetime commitment and prepare adequately for it. I was fortunate enough to learn the values that should govern the marriage institution from a tender age. When I became of age and was ready to get married, I knew that I needed to find someone who could complete my life. I was well aware that I needed to have good qualities so that I could have something to contribute to my marriage. Therefore, I began to cultivate good qualities that define a noble wife before I got married. When I met my husband, I did not rush into a relationship. I ensured that I got to know him well enough and understood his strengths and weaknesses. Before we got married, we prepared adequately for our union. The most critical preparation was making decisions that could define our lives in marriage (Rubio 44). For example, were clear about the number of children we wanted to have, as well as how we would share responsibilities within our family. I ensured that we had similar perspectives regarding the most important aspects of life. Notably, two people cannot have exactly the same perspectives. However, some fundamental issues in marriage cannot work out if people have different perspectives. When I was sure that I could spend my life with him, we began to formalize our relationship. Finally, we held a beautiful wedding that marked the beginning of our marriage. We held a church wedding that symbolized our commitment before God and people. Therefore, it was obvious that separation or divorce was not an option from the start. My culture has strong values attached to marriage and does not condone divorce. The men in our society have learned to appreciate the social views concerning marriage. In addition, our men are willing to make marriages possible. In addition, the cost of marrying a woman is too high to consider divorce. Although many people may consider our society highly

Cyber-Bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cyber-Bullying - Research Paper Example Due to the unfortunate and highly publicized cases of teen suicide due to cyber bullying, parents are becoming increasingly aware of the problem and taking steps to prevent their child from being victimized in this manner. Cyber-bullying can be effectively reduced with the combination of parental involvement and newly developed software that filters content. Cyber-bullying affects people of all ages but teenagers are by far the most vulnerable and most victimized. This relatively new type of bullying does not inflict physical injury therefore may go unnoticed by parents. Too often parents do not realize their child is being libeled, coerced or taunted on Facebook, harassed through an online chat room or cyber-stalked by a number of electronic means. Cyber-bullying has been defined as online social malevolence and electronic bullying. It occurs via instant messaging, on a gaming or other social networking website, through email, by phone texting and in a chat room. Photos sent via the se venues are another way to harass. Cyber-bullying shares common features with traditional, schoolyard bullying but is less observable and allows the perpetrator to be anonymous. Due to the unique qualities of cyber-bullying it presents distinctive challenges. There are three ways to deal with cyber-bullying, parental understanding and involvement, the ability for the person being victimized to take steps to stop the harassment and the means to track the perpetrator. According to statistics provided by the i-SAFE foundation: At least half of teenagers have bullied another person online and about half have been bullied. About one-third of teens have been threatened online. More than one-fourth of teens have received continual online threats. More than half of cyber-bullied teens do not inform their parents. According to surveys conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Center: More than eight in ten teens regularly use mobile phones. It is the most common cyber-bullying medium. Unlike the schoolyard, girls are more likely to be the cyber-bully. Boys are more likely to receive threats. Between 10 and 20 percent of teens are regular victims of cyber-bullying. All races are cyber-bullied to about the same extent. The most common form of cyber-bullying involves rumor mongering. Unsurprisingly, victims of cyber-bullying are likely to have a diminished self image and to contemplate suicide. (Zaleski, 2011). Cyber-bullying takes many forms. As an example, a teenager who has no known adversaries at school or in the neighborhood begins being inundated by psychologically hurtful and threatening emails from an anonymous sender or senders. The teen recipient does not know who or how many people are against them therefore becomes frightened and increasingly paranoid both at school and home. Another example could be: a cyber-bully builds a phony Facebook profile but uses a class-mates photo, actual name and contact information. The cyber-bully then posts hateful and/or embarr assing messages and pictures then makes â€Å"friends† with other classmates. The fake profile circulates rapidly around school due to its provocative nature causing continuous humiliation for the victim. A variation of this is spamming a school’s web-based bulletin board with rumors about a student. (Hardcastle, 2012). Actual instances include the infamous Rutgers student who committed suicide by

Writing Los Angles, Los Angles writers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing Los Angles, Los Angles writers - Essay Example Individuals such as Raymond Chandler, John Fante, wrote timeless novels about the city, while poets such as Lewis MacAdams revealed the city for its multi-cultural nature. This essay considers the collection of a handful of writers who have articulated Los Angeles and considers the various thematic concerns they have outlined in their work. Writer Carey Williams articulates Los Angeles, California in a number of unique ways. William’s perspective considers the nature of Los Angeles as a city of outsiders. Quoting Garet Garrett, she writes, â€Å"you have to begin with the singular fact that in a population of a million and a quarter, every other person you see has been there less than five years† (Williams). Williams characterizes Los Angeles as a sort of land of immigrants; while this had previously been the nature of the United States, it appears it has shifted to regional areas, in this instance LA. However, rather than being out outcast or newcomer in this land, Wil liams argues that Los Angeles retains the feeling of home for these individuals. This is because that with the large influx of newcomers, individuals are able to find a unique sense of acceptance within this immigrant population. In addition to being one of the foremost crime novelists of the 20th century, Raymond Chandler is also recognized as one of the greatest writers of Los Angeles. In articulating Los Angeles it’s clear that Chandler assumes a sort of outsider status. Rather than romanticizing the various daily on-goings there is almost a sense of condescension in his tone. For instance, he writes â€Å"an evening with the sports page, the blatting of the radio, the whining of their spoiled children and the gabble of their silly wives† (Chandler). It’s clear that rather than romanticizing the movie star nature of Los Angeles, Chandler is attempting to present it in a more gritty light, with a self-conscious flavor. In other instances, Chandler attempts to depict the behind the scenes reality of the city, demonstrating producers that speak of the nature of the movie business in cynical terms. In all its an engaging portrait of the city that eschews romanticized notions of celebrity parties and Hollywood for a grittier and realistic edge. Whereas Raymond Chandler depicts a Los Angeles of gritty realism, Dorothy Parker’s poetry presents a more idealized version of the city. One of her poems functions as a sort of siren’s call, almost mythologizing the quest of individuals who move to the city with hopes of breaking into the movie industry. In these regards, she writes, â€Å"Come, curb the new and watch the old win/ Out where the streets are paved with Goldwyn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Parker). In Parker’s poetry there is the exploration of the artistic and romantic elements of Los Angeles. A city of movie stars and the rich and famous that exist in this city, these are the images Parker’s poetry is replete with. One a lso considers the nature Carey William’s writing in relation to Parker’s; in both instances Los Angeles is not presented as a city, but instead a destination, to which there is an ever influx of individuals seeking their dreams. Henry Miller is famous for his literary exploration of controversial themes and of artistic boundaries. When considering his articulation of Los Angeles, however, one is drawn to his concern with a singular individual. Rather than presenting controversial topics, Miller’s articulation of the city falls somewhere between that of Chandler’s realism and Dorothy Parker’s idealism. In these regards, Miller considers the nature of the city as the home of show business through his concern with a singer. Miller writes, â€Å"Those same songs night after night – how can anyone do it and not go mad? And always with feeling, as if delivering

Organic electronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organic electronic - Essay Example Traditional electronics, involving the use of inorganic conductors, including copper and silicon, presents a use of materials that are heavier and more expensive than conductive polymers and organic semiconductors include dielectrics, conductors and light emitters that have many and varied applications in the field of electronics (Sun, 2008, Chapter 5) and (Wikipedia, 2010, â€Å"Organic Electronics†). Already, organic electronics based displays using organic light emitting diodes have found their way into car radios, etc., with rapid improvements expected in organic field effect transistors. According to published reports, the market for organic materials will be worth US$ 4.9 billion on 2012, and this will surge to US$15.8 billion in the year 2015 (Allen, 2008, Pp. 6). The previously mentioned author states that new kinds of semiconductor materials, including rubrene, hybrid materials and formulations made of carbon nanotubes will continue to spur the market to grow to US$4.9 billion by the year 2015, with the organic electronic substrate business growing to US$ 6.9 billion. According to NanoMarkets (2007, "Organic Harvest: Opportunities in Organic Electronic Materials"), eighty percent of organic electronic materials will be sold into the RFID, display backplanes and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) lighting and displays applications. However, according to the previously mentioned report, if organic electronics is to continue on the road to success, it will have to emulate the traditional semiconductor industry and invent an organic version of CMOS with its own sta ble material sets. Thus, firms specialising in materials for electronics and organic electronic materials must offer commercial quantities of n-type semiconductors and organic dielectrics. In addition, the previously mentioned report suggests that for

DISADVANTAGE OF HAVING HOMOSEXUALS IDENTIFY THEMSELVES IN THE MILITARY Research Paper - 1

DISADVANTAGE OF HAVING HOMOSEXUALS IDENTIFY THEMSELVES IN THE MILITARY - Research Paper Example This Presidential Memorandum .also authorized that any evaluations by the Secretary of Defense be an evaluation and implementation which is to be accomplished in a practical and realistic way, in accordance with the elevated standards of combat efficiency and unit cohesiveness that the United States Armed Forces must keep (Rand Corporation, 1993). Rands National Defense Institute evaluated an ample range of topics which are of interest to the subject of the disadvantages of homosexuals disclosing their sexual preferences in the military. Seven foreign countries were examined and recommendations on the subject was sought from the police and fire departments of six American municipalities. This was accomplished in order to learn from the experiences of other individuals in other organizations with regards to the influence of the disadvantages of individuals disclosing their homosexuality on the preparedness and cohesiveness of those units. Public opinion with regards to the disadvantage of homosexuals disclosing their sexual preferences was examined, inclusive of the perspectives of military personnel who were serving on active duty. Scholarly literature on the effects of homosexuals disclosing their sexual preferences was consulted and the related health implications were also examined.. A variety of legal and enforcement topi cs were examined in the research of the disadvantages of homosexuals disclosing their sexual preferences in the military was consulted (Rand Corporation, 1993). The conclusions of their research is the following: Implementation of these requirements as to the appropriate conduct of military personnel, regardless of perceived sexual preference by the administrators at every level of the command structure (Rand Corporation, 1993). This policy of equal treatment and non discrimination was to be concise .and

Berlin Wall Essay Example for Free

Berlin Wall Essay [] A few decades ago, before the beginning of the 21st century, the world was divided between the East and the West: US Capitalism and USSR Communism. Indeed, after World War II, two of the world’s superpowers fought each other indirectly; developing the idea of a silent war which later came to be known as the Cold War. During the Cold War, the world’s division was symbolically represented by the Berlin Wall – the iconic divide that separated East Germany from West Germany. With this division came the idea of a divided world separated by political paranoia, hegemonic supremacy and ideological dominance – all of which played a role in masking the other side of world with darkness and misinformation. Truly, the world was not integrated at that time. To a person living during that time, it may have seemed hopeless to dream of a world where everything is connected; where neither political, economical nor cultural (ideological) forces and agendas shaped and determined, not only international affairs, but also the internal affairs of other countries. Fortunately, history has its ways. In 1989, the Berlin Wall met its utter destruction. The USSR â€Å"lost† the Cold War and the United States was left as the only surviving hegemonic state that was fortunate enough to enter the 21st century with victorious colors. With its supposed â€Å"victory† at hand, the United States was left with no other choice but to encourage other countries to adopt their own policy of capitalism and free trade. As such, with the world’s entrance to the 21st century, a new field of study was conceptualized and disseminated: Globalization. Though controversially dubbed as Americanization by some, Globalization is, indeed, a force of free trade that is augmented by the United States’ idea of Capitalism. As more and more countries began to adopt the concept of Capitalism, free trade grew in the International Community; thus, sparking a phenomenal revolution – a revolution where goods, services, labor and, most important of all, information moved unprecedentedly across borders and sovereignties. In fact, this revolution was so intense that academics and economists alike began talking about the notion of a â€Å"shrinking† world. Indeed, with the advent of globalization came the shrinking of the world – shrinking simply because people and goods can now move across countries without hindrance. Furthermore, communication took new heights into allowing individuals from a certain country to communicate with another person from a different that is largely opposite of his/her side of the world’s hemisphere. Truly, for the first time in the history of the world, the International Community became almost completely integrated. Though detrimental to some countries, it cannot be denied that this form of integration caused by the powerful force globalization has benefited almost every country in the world. For one thing, it has allowed consumers from different countries to experience having different choices when it comes to buying goods. Another is that every country in the International Community today have begun to realize that economic interdependence is the key to immense growth and development. In other words, trading with other countries may seem a better option than conquering them. Truly, such economic integration brought about by Capitalism has made the world less likely to enter into a Third World War. Though not the first of its kind in the history of humankind, this form of integration in the 21st century is undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive and most beneficial of all. It has allowed different cultures to flourish, not only within each country’s respective societies, but also within other countries’ societies as well.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fixed Exchange Rate Finance Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fixed Exchange Rate Finance Essay Introduction The exchange rate is the rate at which one currency trades in exchange of another currency. Exchange rate is value which is same as any other value, it is the same price to acquire other things, and in this case it is another currency. It is the price of one currency in terms of another. The exchange rate are differs from one country to another country, it is depends upon various economic factors such as monetary policy, fiscal policy, international policy, general balance, purchasing power of currency, internal as well as external factors and misbalance of market. The rate can be set in different ways; it can be fixed, floating, in terms of some external such as gold. However the best ways to set the value is fixed, as it will be determined by different terms such as price, demand and supply. The high level of demand of currency leads to force up its value means exchange rate. When the supply and demand of currency is equal, it is called as equilibrium exchange rate. Exchange rate i s also undertaking long term changes as per relative countries. As the rate of GBP is â‚ ¬ 4.50 in 1920. Example: As â‚ ¬ 1.00 = $ 1.55637, if I want to go to America and I would get $ 155 for â‚ ¬ 100. Similarly if any individual would come from America, he would get â‚ ¬ 100 for $155. Types of Exchange Rate There are two different procedures to determine the exchange rate; the first one is that to fix it in exchange of other currency and second one is set it free to float against other currency, it will find it own level. The both types are known as fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate respectively. Floating Exchange Rate The floating exchange rate is the rate which finds its own level of rate as per the forces of demand and supply of currency. http://money.howstuffworks.com/exchange-rate3.htm http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/020603.asp http://www.economywatch.com/node/10791/ http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/exchangerates/fixed_floating.htm http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/bank/economics/markets/foreign/theories2.htm Advantages and Disadvantages of Fixed Exchange Rate Advantages of Fixed Exchange Rate Beneficial for Importers and Exporters As fixed exchange rate provide certainty, it is beneficial for importers and exporters and it is because since certainty is need for international trade and there is a less chances for speculation. Lower Risk in International trade When fixed exchange rate is maintain, by agreeing fixed price of products, there is a lower chances for risk in trade. It will also encourage the traders to invest in the markets. Beneficial for domestic markets and employees By maintaining fixed exchange rate, domestic organization and employees can maintain their costs under control to cope up in international market; it will lead to inflation in under control. By maintaining this to long run, Interest rates should be down and increase trade and investment opportunities. Introduces discipline in economic management Fixed exchange rate gives opportunities to government to from following inflationary policies, and it will lead to be competitive market. This will helps in situation such as balance of payments. Reduce the risk of destabilizing the economy The fixed exchange rate is reducing the speculation, it is very risky for business in stable market. And by reducing the speculation will lead to reduce the risk of destabilizing the economy when the exchange rate is fixed. Beneficial for investment The vital benefit of fixed exchange rate is that organization can plan the amount of investment and business that organization gets in future. There is no risk of losing more money as it reduces the speculation in exchange. Disadvantages of Fixed Exchange Rate No automatic balance of payments adjustment The floating exchange rate is useful to deal with disequilibrium with interference of national government, and it does not affect the domestic economy also. It there is a situation arise such as deficit then it lead organization to be competitive again, The problem should be solve by reducing the level of aggregating demand, when there is a fixed exchange rate is used. And as demand of products less, will cause less consumption of imports and the price of products falling down and would make organization more completive. Large amount of foreign reserves require In order to maintain fixed exchange rate, government have to have large amount of foreign reserves require, and it will lead to opportunity costs to have this reserves. When the exchange rate is maintain artificially by the government, and it is not up to its level of the economic condition, the development is not up to its level or in other words not efficient as the rate has adjusted. As the interest rate is directly related to exchange rate, it can stop economic growth in case of their disparity to market needs. Stability of Fixed Exchange rate The government who adopts fixed exchange rate have follow diverse policies, and it may cause to inflationary sometimes. It creates some problems such as the countries which will have low inflation and it will be very competitive and high inflation and uncompetitive in some countries, have to devalue. Loss of liberty in internal policy The needs of fixed exchange rate is dominating policy, sometimes it may not good for the economy at this position. The value of exchange rate should be set by interest rates and other factors; It would be rather than more beneficial to the problems such as unemployment and inflation which is macro objectives. The main disadvantage of fixed exchange rate is that it will cause problems to economy to speculation attacks. When there is a situation arise such as excess supply and demand in national or other currency, and at that if the government is unable to maintain it, at that time the fixed changed rate needs to be changed, and it will reduces credibility of currency. Conclusion Globalization, innovation, technical development plays dominant role in recent world. These processes increase the opportunity of international trade. The economy should be flexible with these progresses, the both fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate has advantages and disadvantages. Fixed exchange rate is preferable for those countries in which internal factors will creates problems to economy and floating exchange rate is beneficial to those countries in which there are more external shocks.

Relationship between Social Groups and Religious Beliefs

Relationship between Social Groups and Religious Beliefs Assess sociological explanations of the relationship between social groups, religious beliefs and religious organisations Different social groups, all show different trends in relation to religious beliefs and religious organistions. This essay will only very briefly touch on the difficulty of defining religious organisations, as this is not its focus. It shall split the social groups into three major categories, age, ethnicity and gender; and attempt to distinguish reasons behind varying levels of religiosity. Religious organisations are difficult to define. Many sociologists, from Troeltsch to Wilson, attempt to define into four different categories, churches, denominations, sects and cults. There however is the problem when there are components which fit many different categories, this can arise when religions change current form (e.g Christianity started off as a small sect eventually becoming a church with its own denominations) as well as times when religions have properties of multiple categories (the church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints, sect or denomination?). Different social groups are generally attracted to different religious organisations, in the class system there is evidence that people of lower classes tend to lean towards world-rejecting sects whilst higher classes choose world-accepting churches and cults. There are clear differences in religious beliefs and participation between genders. Whilst there is a large majority of men in priesthood running churches (some changes in recent times in the Anglican denomination however only last month, October 21st, numerous news outlets reported how conservatives within the church were rebelling against such changes are leaving to join Catholicism) the majority of people who practice inside religions are female. This is shown by in 2005 1.8 million women in England were churchgoers, as against 1.36 million men. This supported Miller and Hoffman (1995) thesis that women express greater interest in religion and attend church more often. Other sociologists put forward similar theories with Bruce (1996) estimated that twice as many women were in sects then men. In attempt to explain these differences the Davie analyses the differences between women and menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proximity to birth and death, she assumes that men do not have as close conn ection to these life processes meaning women are closer to the ultimate questions. This can be criticised as using the term closer to the ultimate questions is ambiguous, it could mean either closer to pondering about the question or closer to the answer; and even without the ambiguity it seems to overlook the men who work in professions where these life processes frequently occur and levels of non-belief among them, such as Doctors. Another explanation put forward for levels of female participation is that religion serves as a compensator for deprivation. Glock and Stark (1969) and Stark and Bainbridge (1985) argue that three main types of deprivation exist which are common among women explaining their high levels of sect membership. These include organismic deprivation, stems from physical and mental health problems, ethical deprivation, stems from evidence that women tend to be more morally conservative and social deprivation exists from evidence that women tend to be poorer. Assuming, without evidence, that Stark and Bainbridge carried out extensive research before coming up with their compensation for deprivation thesis it should be analysed to its validity in contemporary society. There have been many changes in society, such as wealth of women becoming higher, wages becoming more equal and receiving higher promotions than previously available; also there is evidence that women tend to vote, what would be g enerally be considered, more progressive or liberal could challenge Glock, Stark and Bainbridges thesis. In other social groups within society there is also evidence of varying levels of religiosity depending on ethnicity. According to policy studies institute (1997) the majority religions associate themselves with Christianity (around 72%) however different ethnicities make up this figure, ranging from white British members to those of black African or Caribbean origin. Other religions exist consisting of Muslims, Hindu and Sikhs make with almost all members coming from ethnic backgrounds originating in the Indian subcontinent. The Policy Studies Institute (1997) showed how white Anglicans where least likely to find their religion as important in their lives comparatively with African Caribbean Protestants who rated their religion as very important in their lives. Muslims were also found to have high levels of belief with Hindus and white Catholics being more in the middle of the table. Bruce (2002) attempts to explain these ethnic differences, he argues that religion is used as a cultural defense factor, becoming something to be unified under in an uncertain or hostile environment. This explains why migrants are more likely to be religious in a new country and explains why the native population inside a country has falling levels of church attendance. Bird (1999) supports this finding; he found religion as a unifying power within minorities. He also found that religion can aid with coping with oppression in a racist society, this is shown by the white churches in the UK not actively welcoming black Africans or Caribbean Christians. These both seem logical and explain how when migrants are integrated into society they start to leave the church. Will Herberg (1955) gives the reason, which isnt very different than Bruce of Cultural transition, instead of a means in which religion is used to defend culture; it is used as an integrator into new societies instead. This is also supported by the diminishing levels of religiosity among integrated social groups. It is most probable that both are equally relevant to ethnicity and religiosity, this, in fact, was shown by Ken Pyrces (1979) study of the African Caribbean community. There are big differences between the age of people and their religiosity. The general pattern is the older a person is the more likely they are to attend religious services. The English Church Census, however, found two exceptions to this rule. The under 15s are more likely to attend then other age groups because they are forced to do so by their parents, over 65s were more likely to be sick or injured to attend religious worship. It should be remembered that attendance at church, just as the levels of under 15s show, does not reflect accurately levels of belief. Other age groups could attend church for other elements, such as the social offering of religion, rather than the religious doctrine. Voas and Crockett (2005) attempt to explain these differences, they use the concept of the ageing effect, which is the view that people turn to religion as they get older. There is also the generational effect this is where each new generation becomes less religious than the one before. The latter being the imperative as its claimed that each generation is half as religious as previous generations. To evaluate this claim, the ageing effect, people starting to face their own mortality and turning to spirituality is in a sense logical. The church offers faith-based answers and provides a world in which death is only the beginning. It seems obvious that people facing the own demise would be attracted by this; it could also be supported by the evidence, English Church Census does support the idea that there is a higher number of older people than young in religion. The Kendal project showed people turn to spirituality when they get older therefore making them more likely to attend church . This supports the Ageing factor. The generational effect is supported by the English church census; the levels of the 15-19 year olds fell very sharply since 1979, showing how the new generation had a lower level of religiosity. Religiosity varies among lots of different social groups, the people who choose different religions generally all have different reasons for doing so. Ethnicity, gender, class and age are all different reasons why someone would want to join a particular religious organisation and have varying levels of religiosity. What is not explained however is what is the most important element, it is quite possible for a person to fit into all four categories, be a member of an ethnic minority; female; working class and young, what would, to this young female, be the most important part of her religiosity and her religious participation.

The Gay Community :: Gays Homosexual Gay Essays

One of the most commonly held assumptions in the gay community is that because politics has regressed to a focus on acceptance in the coastal powers of New York and San Francisco, the entire nation has moved with it. I propose that by looking at the history of Kansas City in a more radical way, we will uncover new evidence to create a more intricate and accurate description of national trends. More specifically, by shifting our focus to a Midwestern city, and by looking at the history of conflicts over space instead of the history of events and people, we will uncover a new body of evidence to complicate national gay histories. Part of the impetus for writing this paper is that I want to explore Kansas City s character and how the dominant culture in the city relates to the gay community. Citizens view the city as the archetypal Midwestern city, and I think this is more than an inflated sense of self-importance. Cultural references to Kansas City suggest its significance, which plays a large part in the formation of citizens identity. During the flood of 1951 Norman Rockwell, who purposely accentuated the wholesome Americana prevalent in the Midwest, offered to help Kansas City in any way he could. The result is the painting Kansas City Spirit, a painting that, in the words of Joyce C. Hall, would forever symbolize that something in good men s hearts that makes them put service above self and accomplish the impossible (Kansas City 61). In many ways Kansas City has come to represent the qualities of the American Heartland that are most revered. Just as significantly, we can understand the city s character in terms of space. Most often, citizens define and praise their city not in terms of what happens there but in terms of what kinds of spaces they have. Kansas City is the City of Fountains and the City of Boulevards and Parks, important characteristics that relate specifically to space. The first of these, the fountains, is also the most popularly espoused one. In Kansas City s book of self-adoration titled Kansas City, fountains are described in this way: Fountains: they are a Kansas City hallmark. Few cities in the world can boast the water artistry that graces the boulevards, parks, and centers here. Herbert Silverman was amazed when he completed the aqua pura tour. Afterwards, he wrote for Travel and Leisure: In the order of magnitude of citizens pride - one must marvel first at its fountains.

Hand Guns and Conceal Ability :: Guns Weapons Violence Essays

Hand Guns and Conceal Ability The debate of hand guns is highly argued among American citizens. The article "Handgun Bands" from GunCite.com, and the article "Concealed Carry and its Effect on Crime" from CCNCrime.com, advocate the legal possession of a concealed handgun. They attempt to show that legal handguns actually deter crime and violence. The first article "Handgun Bands" takes an emotional approach followed by statistical information to prove the point that handgun bands, or limitations on the ability to purchase and carry a hand gun, do not effectively counter violence. The author begins by giving the statistic from the F.B.I. Uniform Crime Report that over 55% of all murders are committed with handguns. This leads you to believe that the author is an advocate of handgun bands. This idea is quickly thrown out in the next paragraph where it is stated that handguns are more often used in self defense than in crime. The claim is also made that most instances of self defense involving a handgun result in no shots fired. The question is then brought up, if handguns are banned will violent crime decrease? The author claims that not only will crime not decrease but, will grow resulting in more violence than ever. A survey from the National Institute of Justice shows that 72% of felons that use handguns would simply switch over to other weapons, such as shotguns in order to commit their violent acts. The author then gets information from an article by R. Taylor called "Gunshot Wounds of the Abdomen." This article proves that shotguns and rifles cause much more damage to the abdomen than handguns. The author is also able to show that studies taken by Don B. Jr. in his article ‘Guns, Murders, and the Constitution," show that 54% to 80% of homicides committed with handguns could have just as easily been committed with a long gun. The author effectively defends his idea that banning handguns will have no effect on the reduction of violent crime, but may actually increase instances of gun crimes. This is due to the fact that civilians would no longer be able to defend themselves effectively. The second article, " Concealed Carry and its Effect on Crime" tries to persuade the reader that the right to carry concealed weapons will deter criminals. Most of the information in this article is taken from a July 26, 1996-article called "Crime, Deterrence, and Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns," written by John R. Hand Guns and Conceal Ability :: Guns Weapons Violence Essays Hand Guns and Conceal Ability The debate of hand guns is highly argued among American citizens. The article "Handgun Bands" from GunCite.com, and the article "Concealed Carry and its Effect on Crime" from CCNCrime.com, advocate the legal possession of a concealed handgun. They attempt to show that legal handguns actually deter crime and violence. The first article "Handgun Bands" takes an emotional approach followed by statistical information to prove the point that handgun bands, or limitations on the ability to purchase and carry a hand gun, do not effectively counter violence. The author begins by giving the statistic from the F.B.I. Uniform Crime Report that over 55% of all murders are committed with handguns. This leads you to believe that the author is an advocate of handgun bands. This idea is quickly thrown out in the next paragraph where it is stated that handguns are more often used in self defense than in crime. The claim is also made that most instances of self defense involving a handgun result in no shots fired. The question is then brought up, if handguns are banned will violent crime decrease? The author claims that not only will crime not decrease but, will grow resulting in more violence than ever. A survey from the National Institute of Justice shows that 72% of felons that use handguns would simply switch over to other weapons, such as shotguns in order to commit their violent acts. The author then gets information from an article by R. Taylor called "Gunshot Wounds of the Abdomen." This article proves that shotguns and rifles cause much more damage to the abdomen than handguns. The author is also able to show that studies taken by Don B. Jr. in his article ‘Guns, Murders, and the Constitution," show that 54% to 80% of homicides committed with handguns could have just as easily been committed with a long gun. The author effectively defends his idea that banning handguns will have no effect on the reduction of violent crime, but may actually increase instances of gun crimes. This is due to the fact that civilians would no longer be able to defend themselves effectively. The second article, " Concealed Carry and its Effect on Crime" tries to persuade the reader that the right to carry concealed weapons will deter criminals. Most of the information in this article is taken from a July 26, 1996-article called "Crime, Deterrence, and Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns," written by John R.

Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith: Two Legendary Classical Blues Artists Essay

The blues emerged as a distinct African-American musical form in the early twentieth century. It typically employed a twelve-bar framework and three-lined stanzas; its roots are based in early African-American songs, such as field hollers and work songs, and generally have a melancholy mood. The blues can be divided into many sub-genres, including Classical, Country, and Urban. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the careers of two of Classical blues most influential and legendary singers: Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. Ma Rainey, considered by many to be the â€Å"Mother of the Blues,† was one of the first pioneers of the classical blues style. She sang with a deep, rich, and quite often rough contralto voice while the voices of her contemporaries a generation later were more harmonious. Rainey was an important figure in connecting the Classical blues, largely female dominated, with the predominately male Country blues.1 Born Gertrude Pridgett in Georgia in 1886 to parents who had both performed in the minstrel shows, she was exposed to music at a very early age. At the age of fourteen, she performed in a local talent show called â€Å"The Bunch of Blackberries,† and by 1900 she was regularly singing in public.2 Over the next couple of decades, she worked in a variety of traveling minstrel shows, including Tolliver's Circus and Musical Extravaganza, and the Rabbit Foot Minstrels; she was one of the first women to incorporate the blues into minstrelsy. It was while working with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels that she met William Rainey, whom she married in 1904; together, they toured as â€Å"Ma and Pa Rainey: Assassinators of the Blues.† By the early 1920s, she was a star of the Theater Owners' Booking Agency (TOBA), which were white-... ...line of Smith's career – and in Classical blues, in general – was due to changing trends in music. Classical blues was out, and Swing was now the music of choice. Smith, however, was determined to make a comeback. She began performing again, this time labeling herself as a Swing singer. But before she could re-establish herself as a household name, she passed away from injuries caused by an automobile accident. It was not until some years after her death that her music began to be popularized again. Her recordings with Armstrong became popular among jazz musicians and had great influence on singers such as Billie Holiday, who often listened to Smith's records for inspiration. Frank Sinatra held her in high esteem, and Janis Joplin often emulated Smith's voice in her singing. Bessie Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1939.

Maritime Law Final Exam Essay

1.For the past two decades, a number of issues have surfaced on the international scene regarding successive ruthless dictatorships which have been committing egregious and widespread violations of international human rights and humanitarian law in over 60 states. In light of the United Nations Charter and the aims of that international body, it has been suggested to the Legal Committee of the International Maritime Organization to bring about a new convention addressing human rights and accountability for such crimes committed by states and their regimes. It is expected that states will sign and ratify the newly introduced convention to be entitled International Human Rights Convention. You are the government appointed United Nations Representative for the state, Genocidia. The President of Genocidia has been recently inaugurated and is not experienced in the process of ratification of conventions. In fact, Genocidia had only ratified 4 conventions, these being since you were appointed to your present post. You have received a letter from the President of your state requesting that you prepare a detailed presentation on the ratification process and present this at a meeting to be held next week. The other Ministers of State will be in attendance. You are also asked to prepare a written version of your presentation explaining the entire process from the point that the suggestion is made to the committee to point where the convention comes into force; explaining the differences between the steps and what each action signifies, such as signature as opposed to ratification. Prepare the written version of your presentation. (15 marks) 2.One of the vessels under your management has sailed from South America to the United States. Four days after sailing a stowaway is found hiding in one of the lifeboats. Discuss TEN actions you would instruct the master to take following the discovery of the stowaway. (15 marks) 3.In the case of R. v. City of Sault Saint Marie [1978]40 Can. Crim. Cas. (2d) 353 (S.C.C.), Dickson J. of the Supreme Court of Canada held at page 363 that – â€Å"Public welfare offences †¦ lie in a field of conflicting values. It is essential for society to maintain, through effective enforcement, high standards of public health and safety. Potential victims of latently pernicious activities have a strong claim to consideration. On the other hand, there is a generally held revulsion against punishment of the morally innocent.† Discuss the above statement using the relevant international laws currently in place to advise on the issues that may arise in relation to the characterization of an offence under national legislation giving effect to the following provision in Regulation 3 of MARPOL73/78, Annex I: â€Å"REGULATION 3 General Exceptions Regulations of this Annex shall not apply to: (a) any emission necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea; or (b) any emission resulting from damage to a ship or its equipment: ( i ) provided that all reasonable precautions have been taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the emission for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the emission; and (ii) except if the owner or the master acted either with intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.† (15 marks) 4.†The strait of Polipa, bordered by the State of Andonia, is one of the world’s busiest straits used for international navigation. To get to their fishing grounds, distant-water fishing vessels flagged in the State of Bellotia have to pass through the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone of Andonia and the archipelagic waters of the Republic of Calcali. Moreover, a neighbour of Andonia, the State of Dordora, which is a landlocked State, transports hazardous waste from its territory to reprocessing plants in the Kingdom of Epitam by ships flagged in the State of Flitona. These ships pass through the exclusive economic zones of Andonia and Calcali. As a result of such intense activity through the strait, pirates have started operating in the region. You should note that Andonia, Bellotia, the Republic of Calcali, and the Kingdom of Epitam are States Parties to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Dordora and Flitona are not Parties to the Convention. Please note that the words â€Å"ships† and â€Å"vessels† are synonymous. Please answer the following questions: 1.What are the rights and duties of Bellotia to ensure that it’s fishing vessels can exercise freedom of fishing, and their rights of innocent passage and transit passage? 2.What are the rights and duties of Andonia, the Republic of Calcali, Dordora, and the Kingdom of Epitam to ensure that the vessels of Flitona can exercise their freedom of navigation, and their rights of archipelagic sea lane passage and transit passage? 3.What are the rights and duties of Andonia, the Republic of Calcali and the Kingdom of Epitam to protect themselves from the risks of pollution from the vessels? (15 marks) END OF PAPER

Moral Courage Essay

Moral fearlessness is a concept means doing the flop thing, it means listening to scruples that what does it saying. rest on what conceive. Moral courageousness has troika major elements witch are principle, fortitude and hazard. it means object lesson courage and doing the proper(a) way things apply us in the pretend, we whitethorn reflection fear and danger for deterrent example with losing o job and security, reputation or etc. But f in all(a)ing in the risk is not matter because we draw our conscience and it is important because I believe that conscience is based on value and show us the way to be human. Moral courage is standing up for set such as honesty, fairness, compassion, honour and responsibility save just having these determine are not enough we attain to try to put them into practice and we reserve to commitment to moral principles as well, so in the practice we may face with danger and we score to confidence to feed distress, suffer and sacrifi ce. In this sense we squirt see moral courage in action. According to Kennedy (1956) moral courage is the rear of All Human Morality. he mentioned that stouthearted men do as they do because they love themselves, they respect themselves and their reputation for lawfulness and their personal standard of their ethics all are more important than their popularity with new(prenominal)s or desire to maintain their offices. For having these all set they have to fall in the risk as it done with senator George Norris, with Nelson Mandela and Malala Youssafzai, that all of them stood on what they believed and what they knew that is right.They triald for higher purpose and having greater values such as human rights and for legal expert and they found these straggle as their responsibleness to fulfill their obligation. So as progeny we saw that all of them faced with challenges and danger and they endured hardship situation but they could to have significant acheivement. for gentlema n War 1 that was started in 1914, US government tell that they would remain neutral but in reality it was not like this and US supported England by carrying guns through gird merchandiser ships and was against German so after German submarines sank three American Merchant Ships in 1917, president Wilson declared for go into into WW1 and asked for congressional approval. Senator Norris was opposing of US entre into World Ward 1 so he filibustered the Armed merchant Ship heyday and he faced with very hardship situation and condemned by American pep up but he didnt gave up and he believed on the rightness of his course, he was not care about attribute his office he just listened to his conscience and time-tested to say the true to mint. So finally he did and intercommunicateed mess about the reality that is behind of this insurance he verbalise that these ships used for carrying state of war supplier to England and country try to ship in the war because of financial be nefits of a certain groups of mess. Senator Norris did a moral courage action because he said the truth to the volume he knew about the wondrous result of involving in the WW1 and he believed that war brings no successfulness to great mass of people so his consciences made him to make judgment although his political career was to a lower place risk but he pursue justice. Regarding Nelson Mandela, I have to say that he struggled against apartheid and racial discrimination and inequality.Many movements and protests were raised(a) with his leadership against Apartheid and he withal reefer to Afghan National Congress and assay to provide equality for the black people and reach them their rights but he still that these kind of nonviolent protests or movements do not work in the familiarity that is commanded by group of people who doesnt follow their conscience so he decided to involve in overthrow and planned for armed struggle. When he arrested by state, he and his fellows d idnt deny his exponentiation in sabotage and armed struggle he said the truth and he indicted state for discrimination, for inequality, for abuse of black peoples right and freedom. He said that state should feel guilty. Mandela wanted a light future for black people and the basic rights which were neglected by state. He wanted a society that all people can live in concert in a peace and harmony. In the court he spoke up with integrity and truth as a result he could bring prosperity for black people. He suffered and endured 27 geezerhood of his life in prison for his vision and when he was elected as a president, he focused on promote racial reconciliation and forgiving his oppressors in Apartheid regime. Above all show his moral courage struggle and even after he came to power as president. Malala Youssafzai also was another example who stood on women right for education as it was banded by Talban regime. First she understood that it is her right to play along her education an d wanted this right for other girls as well so she tried to speak up and stand on her right. She followed and listed to her conscience and believed that this is right. She had many speeches to explain and inform others that what is happening under Taliban regime and as a result she shot by Taliban and had very hardship situation but after recovery she didnt give up and straggled for womens right until she could decide on girls approachability to education in Pakistan.

Functional requirement Essay

Prerequisites are categorized in many of ways.PharmacistThe system high alert the pharmacy with medicine orderThe system will allows final approval from Pharmacist for revaluates the order within allergy clinical guideline *The system allows approval from Pharmacist to click send order to tech for processingThe system allow prior approval from Pharmacist for correct process Of the techSystem send the new order to the nurse for administer the drugs.4. NurseThe system allow nurse to verifies the orderThe system allow nurse locate patient’s IDThe system allow nurse to original document the medicineThe system allow nurse to add witness if necessaryThe system allow wet nurse to document the wasteThe system allow nurse to new document patient’s reactionNonfunctional Requirement1. OperationalThe system should integrate with the pharmacy systemThe system should social work any web browserThe system should allow the verification for incorrect dosesThe central system should c heck incorrect allergy & contra-indications of drugsThe system enable for second alternative options if medicine is out of stockThe system enables the automatically order good for medicine out of stockThe system should allow disapproval or prior approval for pharmacist verify incorrect doses and forget not meet allergy guideline to be click send back to physician2.Requirements may have a considerable effect on genetic testing and alternative development.Functional requirements identify parts of performance deeds that needs to be built to an comprehensive program product that is overall.

Non-functional requirements could contain things such like dependability and response time.Non-functional requirements are mainly to steer clear of external events that late may affect the system functionality.Conscious Requirement A requirement that is mindful is worth something which the stakeholder is consciously conscious of.A functional demand has number a own name summary and a rationale.

It sends an email to the course instructor containing the advice offered by the program participant.FR8 The systems shall be in a same place to shortlist candidates in accordance with how their qualifications, expertise, skills and so forth.FR16 The nervous system shall enable an applicant to fill worn out an application for work only.Of course, to be aware that it complies with all NFRs, it has to be analyzed.

FR17 The system shall enable an applicant to create their curriculum vitae.Based on your new methodology and company analysis practices, a functional complete specification may arrive in a choice of formats that how are unique.Even when recognized, as might be desired a number of these various kinds of nonfunctional requirements are tough to check logical and thus frequently are at all or not tested as adequately.When a lawyer log in with the specific thk same identification the work all should be given.

Modern Means of Communication Have Introduced Relevant Changes in Our Lives

As humanity restrain a passing create brain, refreshing-fangled innovations in intercourse atomic number 18 created to achieve our vivification standards relegate. However, in that respect has been a literary argument on whether much(prenominal) changes receipts our lives to a greater extent than declivity them. In this essay, I bequeath confidential information break through some(prenominal) gradient of captivate and evince what I think. In this mod world, teleph adepts argon no long-lasting the nevertheless tress utilise to slip away with some differentwise(a) tidy conglutination. For example, apply revolutionary packet applications give c be skype, is doubtless unmatched and plainly(a) of the universal ship nookieal for discourse.In this way, we faeces surfboard the cleart and scold with our friends at the similar age. m plunder be much(prenominal)(prenominal) well-spent and furthermore, unnecessary head visit bills earth-closet be salvage as well. other usefulness for discourse via electronic crafts is convenience. For those who bednot frustrate press release start of doors to image up with some genius, much(prenominal) young engineering science dis enlighten for sure clear up their dilemma. On the contrary, others propose that much(prenominal) purport of confabulation plenty secure citizenrys neighborly skills degenerate.As cadence passes, community incline to blockade how to splatter to severally other of course when it comes to the want of opposite chat. In getition, much(prenominal) phenomenon spate profit the customaryity of indolence in ones habit. To pairing up, I would bear the occurrence that sophisticated heart and soul of chat broad(a) deal conduct unprovided for(predicate) fair draw a bead ons to our hearty lives. Thus, the down stances locoweednot be ignored. It would be meliorate if we cue ourselves to go come in with others one time in a composition to get the reliance we utilize to acquire in our well-disposed lives. neo convey of discourse score Introduced relevant Changes in Our LivesAs piece take over a highly develop brain, vernal innovations in communication are created to influence our brisk standards better. However, there has been a vex do on whether such(prenominal) changes win our lives more than worsening them. In this essay, I testament point appear two side of mint and state of matter what I think. In this redbrick world, telephones are no prolonged the only device utilise to transmit with other muckle. For example, using new software program applications comparable skype, is doubtless one of the popular ship merchant ship buoyfulal for communication.In this way, we discount surf the net and converse with our friends at the similar time. duration can be more well-spent and furthermore, unembellished phone bills can be salve as well. another (prenominal) gain for communication via electronic devices is convenience. For those who cannot rough-and-tumble overtaking outside to insure up with someone, such new-fangled technology can sure enough solve their dilemma. On the contrary, others send word that such disposition of communication can make peoples societal skills degenerate.As time passes, people angle to deflect how to emit to individually other of course when it comes to the urgency of face-to-face communication. In addition, such phenomenon can extend the popularity of laziness in ones habit. To sum up, I would allow in the detail that innovative meaning of communication can add unlooked-for good points to our tender lives. Thus, the downsides cannot be ignored. It would be better if we actuate ourselves to go out with others once in a bit to find out the trustingness we apply to exact in our tender lives.